7 Specialists to Consider for Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation

According to the National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center (NSCISC), there were 18,421 new cases of Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) in 2024 and the leading causes were vehicular accidents, falls, and acts of violence. Since SCI is a direct damage to the spinal cord, it leads to permanent loss of sensation and function in the body part. However, the severity and which body part is affected depends on the cause and location of the injury.  

While it is not possible to reverse the damage, it is important to treat and rehabilitate to avoid future injuries or damage. This means having a team of specialists who can assist and support you in all aspects of your life after a spinal cord injury.  

Cause and Treatments of Spinal Cord Injury 

Spinal Cord Injury is when the nerves originating from the spine are affected. The spinal cord is the bundle of nerves that carries nerve impulses to and from the brain to all the body parts. The damage to the spinal cord means that the nerve impulses don’t reach the body part that often leads to paralysis.  

What causes SCI? 

The cause and effect of the SCI depend on its origin: 

• Traumatic causes: These are the most common causes leading to SCI. Motor vehicle accidents, falls, sports injuries, or violent acts (e.g., gunshot or knife wounds). These incidents often lead to fractures or dislocations that compress the spinal cord. 

  
  

• Non traumatic causes: Non-traumatic SCIs result from underlying conditions that deteriorate spinal cord function over time. Tumors, infections (e.g., bacterial or viral), medical conditions like multiple sclerosis (MS) or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) develop gradually and which make early detection critical.  

  
  

Treatment options for SCI 

Researchers are continually working on new treatments, however there is no current treatment that reverses the damage to the spinal cord. Current treatment focuses on preventing further injury and empowering people with SCI. That includes: 

• Prostheses and Medicines 

• Surgery 

• Experimental treatments 

• Rehabilitation  

• Physical Therapy 

Life after SCI: Rehabilitation Team You Need 

Life post spinal cord injury can be very different. It involves figuring out how to live everyday life with the changes and how to get physically better. Rehabilitation plays a pivotal role in recovery and adapting to life with SCI. You do not and should not do this alone so along with your primary doctor and caregiver you need these specialists for different parts of this journey for a holistic recovery and adjustment to this new life.  

Physiatrist Or Doctor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 

Physiatrists are doctors who are certified as specialists in rehabilitation medicine by the American Board of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. They are in a way will be your primary care provider.

• They will focus on you as a whole person and work to avoid functional loss and threats to living fully.

• They direct you through medicines or other specialists for the physical and psychological disabilities remaining after initial medical or surgical treatment.  

Physical therapist 

Physical therapy is a must for anyone with SCI, which means it is a daily commitment. A physical therapist aims to help you:

• Increase strength and endurance

• Improve coordination

• Reduce hypertension

• Maintain muscles in paralyzed limbs

• Gain control of bladder and bowel functions

PTs will teach techniques to use assistive technology and devices and exercises to take care of yourself. It is easy to get discouraged when progress is slow but every small win matters. It is important to celebrate those moments and to find a physical therapist who can motivate you and push you.  

Personal Caregiver 

While you are still getting used to completing daily tasks with your disability, having a caregiver can help you navigate these changes. Other than that, they can help you with tasks around the house, manage medications, and set up assistive devices. Choosing between a family caregiver and a Personal Care Attendant (PCA) depends on your needs and what feels right for you.

Having a family caregiver can be both positive and challenging. Some challenges may include feelings of guilt, stress, or even money worries. However, some state programs allow family caregivers to get paid for their work, which can help reduce these problems. 

Occupational Therapist 

Major part of adapting to life involves completing tasks outside the care of a hospital on your own. An occupational therapist will help learn and relearn the day-to-day activities for more independence.

They offer programs to help you do tasks like:

• Bathing

• Dressing

• Cooking

• Cleaning

• Engaging in recreational activities like arts, crafts, or gardening

• Guide family members and caregivers on how to provide effective care

Psychiatrist  

Your mental health is affected by big life changes. With the changes in your ability to complete tasks that were easier before, things can be overwhelming. Spinal cord injuries double the risk of mental health problems and increase the chances of depression, anxiety, and PTSD.  So, it is more than important to have a therapist or psychiatrist.  

Chronic pain is associated with worsening mental health. SCI survivors often find that people see them differently and these experiences can affect self-esteem and identity which also affects mental health. Rehabilitation psychologists work with the rehabilitation team to address all aspects of healthcare. They are trained to not only work with you but also engage family members and caregivers who have a huge impact on your progress.   

Dietician 

An often-overlooked aspect is your diet however it matters more than you think when you have a spinal cord injury. You need to eat right for:  

• Maintaining a healthy weight 

• Fueling your body for healing

• Preventing other health issues

You might want to consult with a registered dietician to get personalized advice, routine and meal ideas that work for your needs and your body.  

• Focus on whole foods that means fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains

• Stay hydrated

• Watch your fiber intake to help with bowel function

Social Worker 

Having a social worker is crucial and you can search for one in the county you live in by contacting your local Department of Social Services.  You can also ask your doctor if there is anyone a part of the hospital or ask for a referral.  

They are helpful in making sure you know the programs available for you, the benefits and resources, and your rights. They also help with helping you find accessible housing once you leave the hospital.  

Life after SCI: Know your benefits and resources 

It is important to know what your benefits are and what resources you can look out for. Having a spinal cord injury, you can be eligible for government programs like SSDI/SSI, Medicaid, and Medicare that can help financially.  

Sign up for government or state programs 

You have to apply and make sure the paperwork is filed for the program that works for your needs and preferences. You can work with your social worker to learn what state programs you are eligible for and how to apply.  

• To apply for SSI or SSDI, you can help your loved one by going online to ssa.gov/locator. Once there, choose “Apply for Disability Benefits.”

• You can apply for Medicare at the same website. Just click on “Apply for Medicare Benefits.”

• Medicaid is another important program that helps cover healthcare costs, including caregivers. Since Medicaid is managed by each state, you’ll need to search for your state’s Medicaid Office online and follow their application instructions.

Join support groups 

It can be easy to feel isolated after an injury but having friends, families and joining support groups can make a huge difference. It is good for your mental health and will give you a sense of belonging and also learn about things that work for them.  

You can find online forums and communities as well where you can find people who have similar journey and stories. Attending events and activities that are designed for people with disabilities can be a great place to find your community.  

Teamwork Makes the Dream Work

SCI can bring a lot of changes, but you do not have to do alone. Creating a team who aim for your holistic wellbeing will make the process of rehabilitation smoother. An important key is communication and keeping all team members updated with any changes in your body or routine.